Ameliorative Potential of Spirulina platensis against Lead Acetate Induced Immuno-Suppression and Kidney Apoptosis in Rats

Background: Environmental toxicants have been found to induce multiple adverse effects on human and animal’s body organs including, kidney and immune system. Presently, this experiment was designed to assess the nephro-protective and immune-stimulant effects of spirulina platensis microalgae against lead acetate induced attenuated body immune response and oxidative renal damages. Methods: 40 male albino rats were randomly divided into equal 4 groups. In comparison with control (C) group. Animals were received spirulina platenesis (300 mg/kg b. wt, orally) and/ or lead acetate (50 mg/kg b.wt, IP) for 4 weeks. Samples were collected at the end of the experimental period. Protective effects of SP were checked by measuring selective hematological, immunological and biochemical tests, besides histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations. Results: Co-exposed SP/LD rats showed significant (P < 0.05) suppression in the levels of LD induced –elevated urea, creatinine, MDA, MCV, retics%, and caspaes-3 over-expression, in contrast, they evoked significant elevation in LD-induced depleting GSH, SOD, IgG, IgM, hypoproteinemia, hypo-albuminemia, hypo-gamma-globulinemia, RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCHC, WBCs, Lymphocytes, and CD8 down-expression. Additionally, SP restored the renal histological structure near the normal. Conclusion: SP protects from toxic immunological, hematological, and nephrotoxic impacts of LD through its powerful free radical-scavenging, antioxidant, and immunostimulant activities.